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Summary

What are birth defects?

A birth defect is a trouble that happens while a baby is developing in the female parent's body. Nearly birth defects happen during the first three months of pregnancy. One out of every 33 babies in the Usa is born with a nascency defect.

A birth defect may bear upon how the trunk looks, works, or both. Some birth defects like cleft lip or neural tube defects are structural problems that can be easy to meet. Others, like heart illness, are found using special tests. Birth defects tin range from mild to astringent. How a birth defect affects a child's life depends by and large on which organ or body function is involved and how severe the defect is.

What causes birth defects?

For some nascence defects, researchers know the cause. But for many nascency defects, the verbal cause is unknown. Researchers think that about birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include:

• Genetics. 1 or more than genes might have a change or mutation that prevents them from working properly. For example, this happens in Fragile X syndrome. With some defects, a gene or part of the gene might exist missing.
• Chromosomal bug. In some cases, a chromosome or part of a chromosome might be missing. This is what happens in Turner syndrome. In other cases, such equally with Down syndrome, the child has an extra chromosome.
• Exposures to medicines, chemicals, or other toxic substances. For instance, alcohol misuse can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
• Infections during pregnancy. For example, infection with Zika virus during pregnancy can cause a serious defect in the brain.
• Lack of sure nutrients. Not getting enough folic acrid before and during pregnancy is a key factor in causing neural tube defects.

Who is at risk of having a baby with birth defects?

Certain factors may might increase the chances of having a babe with a birth defect, such equally:

• Smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking sure "street" drugs during pregnancy
• Having certain medical conditions, such as obesity or uncontrolled diabetes, before and during pregnancy
• Taking sure medicines
• Having someone in your family with a birth defect. To learn more than about your risk of having a baby with a birth defect, you tin talk with a genetic counselor,
• Being an older mother, typically over the historic period of 34 years

How are nativity defects diagnosed?

Health care providers can diagnose some birth defects during pregnancy, using prenatal testing. That'south why it important to get regular prenatal care.

Other birth defects may not be plant until after the baby is born. Providers may find them through newborn screening. Some defects, such equally society foot, are obvious right away. Other times, the health intendance provider may not discover a defect until later on in life, when the child has symptoms.

What are the treatments for birth defects?

Children with birth defects oft demand special care and treatments. Because the symptoms and problems caused by birth defects vary, the treatments likewise vary. Possible treatments may include surgery, medicines, assistive devices, physical therapy, and spoken language therapy.

Often, children with birth defects demand a multifariousness of services and may need to come across several specialists. The primary wellness care provider can coordinate the special care that the child needs.

Can birth defects exist prevented?

Not all birth defects can be prevented. But there are things yous can do before and during pregnancy to increase your run a risk of having a healthy baby:

• Start prenatal care every bit presently as you lot think y'all might exist meaning, and see your wellness care provider regularly during pregnancy
• Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every 24-hour interval. If possible, you lot should start taking it at least one month before you lot get pregnant.
• Don't drink alcohol, fume, or use "street" drugs
• Talk to your health care provider about any medicines you are taking or thinking about taking. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, every bit well as dietary or herbal supplements.
• Learn how to prevent infections during pregnancy
• If you have any medical atmospheric condition, try to get them under control before you go significant

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• Guidance for Preventing Nascency Defects (Centers for Illness Command and Prevention) Also in Castilian

• Nativity Defects Data and Statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
• Birth Defects Inquiry and Tracking (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
• FastStats: Birth Defects or Congenital Anomalies (National Heart for Health Statistics)
• National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) (Centers for Illness Control and Prevention)

• Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms (National Human Genome Research Constitute) Also in Spanish

• Intersex (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

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Source: https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html